A surveyor`s guide to practical least-squares adjustments
Ghilani, C.
A surveyor`s guide to practical least-squares adjustments - 1990 - Surveying & Land Information Systems 50(4) December 1990 .
Most surveyors will agree that it is impossible to measure a distance or angle exactly. In order to meet geometric closures, the measured data must be adjusted. One method that can be used to distribute these errors is known as least squares . However, many surveyors are not familiar with the theory and methodology used in performing a least-squares adjustment. This paper presents a step-by-step guide that may be used to adjust data using least squares. (Journal abstract)
A surveyor`s guide to practical least-squares adjustments - 1990 - Surveying & Land Information Systems 50(4) December 1990 .
Most surveyors will agree that it is impossible to measure a distance or angle exactly. In order to meet geometric closures, the measured data must be adjusted. One method that can be used to distribute these errors is known as least squares . However, many surveyors are not familiar with the theory and methodology used in performing a least-squares adjustment. This paper presents a step-by-step guide that may be used to adjust data using least squares. (Journal abstract)