The CITB with support from the HSE commissioned Pye Tait Consulting in early 2014 to undertake this research in order to update/refresh aspects of the Routes to Competence study from 2011 including various consultations and initiatives that have taken place within the construction industry at all levels since the publication of that report. Considers factors that influence decisions on developing the workforce, the benefit of H&S training and occupational training, as well as consulted with industry on the descriptors 'information, instruction, training and supervision' for the purposes of effective health and safety in the construction workplace. This was supplemented by consultation with stakeholders on an overarching framework for competence that could help identify what contributes towards a healthy, safe and productive workplace; finally, and as a result, recommendations for a future industry process for developing and recording components of competence have been put forward.