000			01705cab a2200217 4500
001			L129668
008			050510n2005 000 0 eng u
035			_a(Sirsi) u129668
041			_aeng
100			_aParpworth, Neil
245			_aEnvironmental offences _butilising civil penalties
260			_c2005
490			_aJournal of Planning and Environment Law _vMay 2005, 560-583(24)
520			_aDiscusses the penalties imposed for environmental offences and considers whether the offending forms of conduct might be more satisfactorily punished by the use of some system of civil penalties. Notes the strict liability nature of many environmental offences and suggests that the courts, in their logically unsustainable distinction between real and quasi crimes in this context, have issued quite confusing signals. Refers to the general level of fines imposed by the courts for environmental offences and subjects the commonly held view that the penalties are lower than they should be to critical analysis. Examines the potential of environmental civil penalties by reference to the recent report by Woods and Macrory (The Centre for Law and the Environment, UCL) "Environmental civil penalties - a more proportionate response to regulatory breach", which represents a further and important contribution to the body of research into environmental justice currently being carried out by DEFRA.
590			_aIKA190505
690			_aENVIRONMENTAL AND LAND CONSULTANCY-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
700			_aThompson, Katharine
700			_aJones, Brian
856			_uhttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/environment/images/cpreport.pdf _zView the report free of charge at www.ucl.ac.uk...
942			_n0
999			_c75203 _d75203